Europe’s initial public offerings slumped to their lowest level since 2012 in the first half of this year, battered by climbing interest rates. While the pipeline is now improving, Renault’s plan to wait until 2024 to list its electric vehicle arm shows how tough the market is. “There’s a lot that the markets have had to absorb, and not enough time in between each event to really allow investor confidence to come back sufficiently for an IPO window to open,” Ariel White-Tsimikalis, Capital Markets partner, said to Bloomberg. “There hasn’t been a complete shutdown of the system, but in terms of IPOs and investing into new issuers, that clearly hasn’t been there.”